Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unwanted or harmful effects experienced after the administration of a medication at normal doses. These reactions can range from mild side effects to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding ADRs is critical for ensuring patient safety and effective healthcare delivery.
ADRs are generally classified into the following types:
Type A (Augmented): Predictable and dose-dependent (e.g., nausea from antibiotics).
Type B (Bizarre): Unpredictable and not dose-dependent (e.g., allergic reactions).
Type C (Chronic): Associated with long-term use (e.g., organ damage).
Type D (Delayed): Occur after a prolonged period (e.g., cancer from certain drugs).
Type E (End-of-use): Due to withdrawal of the drug (e.g., insomnia after stopping sedatives).
Type F (Failure): Therapeutic failure (e.g., resistance to antibiotics).
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